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Effects of PMA and EMA on DNA amplification from viable and dead cells of L. monocytogenes. (A and B) Viable cell density was determined following 5 min of incubation in the dark (A) and after 5 min of exposure to light (B). (C and D) Effects of PMA and EMA on DNA amplification from viable cells (C) and heat-killed cells (D). The bars indicate the mean values, and the error bars indicate the standard deviations (n = 3). Different letters indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05).
