FIG. 1.

HAstV-1 increases barrier permeability in apical, but not basal, infection. Differentiated Caco-2 monolayers grown on permeable supports were mock infected (diamonds) or were infected with HAstV-1 (MOI 10) (squares) from the apical (A) or the basal (B) surface. TER levels were measured from 0 to 48 hpi. (C and D) The degree of paracellular permeability was measured from 4 to 48 hpi by monitoring the migration of FD-4 to the basal chamber over mock-infected (gray) or HAstV-infected (black) Caco-2 monolayers infected either apically (C) or basally (D). Error bars represent standard deviations, and asterisks represent statistical significance (P < 0.05) compared to values for mock infection.