FIG. 12.

Effects of bafilomycin A1 on infection phenotypes. Confluent Cos-7 cell monolayers were infected with KOS (A to D), KgBY889A (E to H), or KgBLL871AA (I to L) or were mock infected (M to O). At 2 h after infection, cells were either left untreated (A, E, I, and M) or treated with 1 μg of DMSO/ml (B, F, and J) or 250 nM bafilomycin A (C, D, G, H, K, L, N, and O). Live cells were observed 20 h postinfection by phase-contrast microscopy (A to C, E to G, I to K, and M and N). To check for infection, cells were fixed with methanol and then incubated successively with an anti-VP5 antibody, a biotin-coupled secondary antibody, and β-galactosidase-coupled streptavidin; the staining was revealed with X-Gal (D, H, L, and O).