TABLE 1.
Viral interactions with the OAS/RNase L system
| Virus | Effect of RNase L on viral replication and/or disease | Viral evasion of the OAS/RNase L system | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| RNA viruses | |||
| Encephalomyocarditis virus | Antiviral (mice) | RNase L activity is eliminated in cells not exposed to IFN | 15, 105, 126 |
| Coxsackievirus B4 | Antiviral (mice) | NDa | 30 |
| Poliovirus | No effect on viral yields (cell culture), larger plaques in presence of RNase L | Viral RNA structure inhibits RNase L | 39 |
| Theiler's virus | ND | L* interferes with the OAS/RNase L system | T. Michiels, personal communication |
| Reovirus | Proviral (cell culture); shuts off host translation | DsRNA-binding by σ3 inhibits OAS activation | 5, 110 |
| Sindbis virus | Antiviral with PKR but not protective (mice) | ND | 95 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | Antiviral, IFN-γ effect (cell culture) | ND | 6 |
| Influenza A virus | No effect (cell culture) | dsRNA binding by NS1 inhibits OAS activation | 80 |
| West Nile virus | Antiviral (mice) | Truncated OAS1b (Flv) renders mice susceptible to West Nile virus and other flaviviruses | 76, 86, 96 |
| Hepatitis C virus | Antiviral (humans) | Selects against RNase L cleavage sites | 38 |
| Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 | Antiviral, IFN-α effect (cell culture) | TAT inhibits OAS activation by TAR | 68, 102 |
| Xenotropic murine leukemia-related virus | Antiviral (humans); causes prostate infections in patients with QQ variant of RNase L | ND | 27, 114 |
| DNA viruses | |||
| Vaccinia virus | No effect (mice) | dsRNA binding by E3L inhibits OAS activation; inactive 2-5A analogs | 5, 89, 90, 121 |
| Herpes simplex virus 1 | Can have or not have an effect (mice) | Inactive 2-5A analogs | 3, 14, 61, 124 |
| Herpes simplex virus 2 | Proinflammatory effect of RNase L contributes to disease (mice) | ND | 29 |
| Simian virus 40 | No effect (cell culture) | Inactive 2-5A analogs | 44 |
| Hepatitis B virus | No effect (mice) | ND | 36 |
a
ND, not determined (not found in scientific literature).