Table 1.

Significant relationships between spatial turnover species richness and selected environmental variables (both linear and squared terms). (There were 8968 degrees of freedom for all species richness terms; for environmental terms, there were 7891 degrees of freedom in the case of linear models and 7890 in the case of quadratic models. For β_sim and β_j estimated proportion of variance explained is reported as R² values taken from equivalent OLS regression models. In the case of β_w, the overall proportion of total deviance explained (Pp. expl. D) for equivalent non-spatial Poisson error models is used as an estimate of variance explained. For significant linear and quadratic terms, ⁺ and ⁻ indicate positive and negative slopes, respectively, with level of significance coded as: ^{+++/−−−}, p<0.001; ^++/−−, 0.001≤p<0.01; ^+/−, 0.01≤p<0.05.)

Effect	βw		βsim		βj
	F	Pp. expl. D	F	R2	F	R2
species richness	765.12−−−	0.273	84.57−−−	0.086	538.67−−−	0.268
species richness2	22.48+++		44.58+++		139.83+++
environmental mean
elevation	16.22−−−	0.435	32.44+++	0.018	—	—
elevation2	—		—		—
habitat diversity	74.26−−−	0.547	27.1−−−	0.047	58.82−−−	0.161
habitat diversity2	12.69+++		17.98+++		23.04+++
temperature	80.37−−−	0.458	—	—	61.69−−−	0.045
temperature2	95.37+++		—		74.50+++
NDVI	55.99−−−	0.588	46.91−−−	0.074	155.07−−−	0.271
NDVI2	5.29+		—		45.55+++
environmental roughness
elevation	85.05+++	0.431	41.90+++	0.034	50.16+++	0.044
elevation2	103.17−−−		—
habitat diversity	—	—	13.5+++	0.0008	6.00+	0.029
habitat diversity2	—		—
temperature	100.72−−−	0.429	38.37+++	0.032	62.58+++	0.039
temperature2	—		4.73−		38.60−−−
NDVI	50.42−−−	0.434	13.93+++	0.003	11.38+++	0.027
NDVI2	—		—