Table 1.

Clinical End Points for Optical Biopsy in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Minimize number of target biopsies and frequency of surveillance

Detect and localize high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus

Identify neoplasia beneath neosquamous esophageal mucosa

Assess depth of tumor invasion for possible mucosal resection

Preoperative identification of tumor margins

Evaluate effectiveness of pharmacological therapy

Detect and localize dysplasia in the setting of ulcerative colitis

Distinguish adenomatous from hyperplastic polyps

Avoid biopsy in patients with bleeding diatheses

Surveillance of polypectomy and mucosal resection site

Differentiate malignant and benign ulcers and strictures