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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Cell. 2007 Nov;13(5):646–662. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2007.08.011

Fig. 2. Increase of active cofilin induces the formation of a protrusion with fast actin retrograde flow.

Fig. 2

(A) Single frames of actin fluorescent speckle time-lapse series of PtK1 cell expressing GFP (empty vector), RacQL alone or in combination with PID, LIMK DN, CIN WT, CFL SA, or CFL SA alone. Bar = 5 μm. White arrows indicate the lines used to generate kymographs.

(B) Kymograph analysis of actin retrograde flow in the cells depicted in A. White lines highlight speckle translocation used to calculate flow velocities; steeper streaks = faster flow rates. Time bar (t) = 2 min; scale bar (d) = 2 μm.

(C–D) Average F-actin flow rates measured at the leading edge (C) and 5 μm from the leading edge (D) of injected cells (± SEM). EV = empty vector control. n = 4 to 25 cells for each condition, with a minimum of 100 measurements per condition. *, P < 0.0001 vs. control cells; **, P < 0.0001 vs. RacQL-expressing cells. The experiment was repeated at least three times.