Prolonged expression of p20 induces mitochondrial apoptosis. (A) Expression of p20 in KB cells. Cells were infected with Adp20 and cell lysates were collected and analyzed by immunoblotting at the times indicated post-infection. (B) KB and H1299 cells were infected with Adp20, and effector caspase (DEVDase) activity was measured at the indicated times post-infection by the ability of cell lysates to hydrolyze the fluorogenic caspase substrate DEVD-amc. Shown is a representative experiment. (C) KB cells were mock infected or infected with Adp20 for 35–40 h in the absence or presence of 50 μM zVAD-fmk, and equivalent amounts of post-mitochondrial supernatants were analyzed for the presence of cyt.c by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. The membrane was reprobed with anti-actin antibody to confirm equal loading. (D) Parental KB cells, or KB cells stably overexpressing BCL-2 or BCL-xL, were mock infected or infected with Adp20 in the absence or presence of 50 μM zVAD-fmk, and at 45 h post infection, cell death was assessed by trypan blue staining. Shown is mean ± SD of three independent experiments. (E) Wt, Bap31-null, and Bap29,31-null mouse ES cells were treated and analyzed as in D.