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. 2003 Dec 8;163(5):1123–1131. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200309161

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Copyright © 2003, The Rockefeller University Press

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Figure 1. — An S. typhimurium strain devoid of its SPI-1 TTSS effector proteins is able to induce programmed cell death in macrophages. BMDPM from wild-type (A) or caspase-1^−/− (B) mice (Kuida et al., 1995) were infected with wild-type S. typhimurium or mutant derivative either lacking all TTSS effector proteins (effectorless) or defective for TTSS secretion by virtue a having a mutation on an essential component of this system (invG). 6 h after infection, cytotoxicity was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase release or by terminal deoxynucleatide transferase (TUNEL) staining. Values for the lactate dehydrogenase release represent the average of at least three independent measurements. Equivalent results were obtained in several repetitions of these experiments.