. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007 Jun 8;469(1):4–19. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.05.014

Table 3.

Methods for observing fast folding events [Adapted from [118], p. 77]

Technique	Approximate timescale probed
LASER flash photolysis	100 fs -1 ms
Electron-transfer-induced refolding	1 μs – 1 ms
Acoustic relaxation	1 ns – 1 ms
Dielectric relaxation	1 ns – 1 s
LASER T-jump	1 ns – 100 ms
Electrical discharge T-jump	100 ns – 10 s
Mixing	10 μs - ∞
Pressure-jump	60 μs – 1 s
NMR line broadening	100 μs – 100 ms