Table 1.

Serum samples employed in the study

Type of infection serum	Number of samples
W.b. (mf+)	55
W.b chronic (CFA+)	5
W.b acute (CFA+)	8
W.b amicrofilaraemic (CFA+)	9
Brugia malayi (mf+)	101
Brugia timori (mf+)	10
Strongyloides stercoralis*	10
Other soil-transmitted helminthes (STH)* (single or mixed infections with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm, Toxocara)	45
Extraintestinal amoebiasis **	10
Normal serum (from non-endemic area)	34
Normal (from endemic area)	16
Loa-loa (mf+)	10
Onchocerca volvulus (mf+)	20
Total	333

Notes:

1. Circulating filarial antigen positive (CFA+), Wuchereria bancrofti (W.b.), microfilaria positive (mf +)

2.*Parasite seen in stool samples, except for Toxocara infection which was diagnosed based on positive serology with consistent clinical presentation.

3. ** Positive serology with consistent clinical and radiological findings.

4. Serum samples kindly provided by the other scientists were as follows:

i. W. bancrofti: from Dr. B. Ravindran from ICMR, Bhubaneswar, India, and Dr. Taniawati Supali from University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

ii. B. malayi from Indonesia: Dr. Taniawati Supali from University of Indonesia

iii. L. loa and O. volvulus: Dr. Peter Fischer from Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany