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. 2007 Oct;19(10):2988–3000. doi: 10.1105/tpc.107.052480

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Cloning of Pn FT1 and Pn FT2 from Pharbitis and the Effect of the Overexpression of Pn FT1 on the Flowering Time in Arabidopsis and Pharbitis.

(A) Sequence comparison of Pharbitis FT and related proteins from other flowering plants. The predicted sequences of FT-like proteins were aligned using ClustalW. An unrooted phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method using Phylip 3.65 (Felsenstein, 1989). Bootstrap values of 1000 samplings are shown on each branch. Arabidopsis FT (BAA77838), TSF (BAD93590), MFT (Q9XFK7), BFT (Q9FIT4), TFL1 (AAB41624), ATC (BAA75931); Oryza FT-Hd3a (BAB61030), RFT1 (BAB78480), tomato SP (AAC26161), SFT/SP3D (AAO31792), Lolium FT 3-LpFT3 (ABC33722), Triticum FT (TaFT; AAW23034), citrus FT (CiFT; BAA77836), Brassica napus TFL (Bn TFL1; BAA33415), Antirrhinum CEN (AAB36112), Pharbitis Pn CEL (BAE44112), human hPEBP (P30086), Populus nigra Pn FT3a (BAD08336), S. cerevisiae TFS1 (CAA44015), and Pharbitis FT (Pn FT1 and Pn FT2).

(B) and (C) The effect of overexpression of Pn FT1 on flowering time of Arabidopsis. co-2 (B) and 35S:Pn FT1 in co-2 (C) were grown under SDs.

(D) to (H) The effect of overexpression of Pn FT1 on flowering time of Pharbitis cv Violet. Thirty-nine T2 plants, generated from two T1 transgenic plants heterozygous for the transgene, were grown under LDs (16 h light/8 h dark) for 21 d.

(D) and (E) A Pharbitis 35S:Pn FT1 transgenic plant (D) and the primary shoot apex illustrating the bud of the terminal flower produced in a transgenic plant (E) are shown.

(F) and (G) Flowering time of Pharbitis 35S:Pn FT1 plants. In (F), from left to right, a plant carrying the transgene, a plant without the transgene, and the wild-type plant are shown. In (G), a comparison of the flowering times of the plants shown in (F) is shown. In the transgenic plants, no more than two or three buds are formed before the shoot apical meristem is converted to a terminal flower.

(H) Comparison of Pn FT1 mRNA levels in T2 plants that have inherited the 35S:Pn FT1 transgene (+/+ and +/−) with those that have not inherited the transgene (−/−). RNA levels were tested by RT-PCR.