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Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression: Comparison of asthma population survey data with population norms [22]
| Asthma population | Population norm (Crawford et al) | Difference | 95% CI | p-value | |
| n | 454 | 1792 | |||
| Median | 4.0 | 3.0 | |||
| Mean (sd) | 4.72 (4.08) | 3.68 (3.07) | +1.04 | +0.67 to +1.42 | <0.001 |
| % score 8+ | 22.3% | 11.4% | +10.9% | +7.0 to +15.1% | |
| % score 8–10 | 13.0% | 7.8% | +5.2% | +2.1 to +8.8% | |
| % score 11–15 | 7.9% | 2.9% | 5.0% | +2.7 to +8.0% | |
| % score 16+ | 1.3% | 0.7% | +0.6% | -0.3 to 2.2% |
