Table 2.

Trends in the prevalence of HIV-1 infection by sociodemographic characteristics during 1991, 1993, 1997 and 2005 surveys in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Sociodemographic Characteristics	1991		1993§		1997*		2005		p-value for trend test
	Number Prevalence		Number Prevalence		Number Prevalence		Number Prevalence
	Tested	(%)	Tested	(%)	Tested	(%)	Tested	(%)
Age groups (years) Men
15–24	262	0.4	158	0.0	254	2.1	223	0.0	0.829
25–34	126	3.1	101	3.0	106	2.9	201	3.7	0.268
35–44	129	2.7	59	2.7	41	4.0	190	5.9	0.153
All ages for men	516	1.9	318	1.9	403	3.0	614	3.2	< 0.001
Age groups (years) Women
15–24	261	3.7	253	4.0	253	2.7	352	3.5	0.839
25–34	193	7.5	162	9.2	172	6.5	333	7.5	0.167
35–44	181	2.0	76	2.4	69	6.7	229	13.0	< 0.001
All ages- women	636	4.4	491	5.2	492	5.3	914	8.0	< 0.001
Marital status
Single	447	2.7	302	4.5	381	2.7	508	1.9	0.147
Married/cohabiting	575	3.3	405	3.7	415	4.5	875	7.3	< 0.001
Divorced/separated	130	8.0	102	9.0	99	17.1	145	15.9	0.058
Religion
Catholic	322	2.3	224	1.8	272	4.1	404	7.0	< 0.001
Protestant	279	5.2	223	5.1	213	4.4	471	6.9	0.228
Muslim	551	3.0	362	3.9	410	3.9	653	5.8	0.015
Tribe
Chagga	321	3.3	173	4.1	242	2.5	438	7.6	0.005
Pare/Kahe	459	3.5	272	2.4	432	4.9	563	5.4	0.041
Other	372	3.1	364	3.6	221	4.5	527	6.6	0.039
Education level
No education	93	1.2	55	4.3	31	3.2	161	11.2	0.003
Primary education	985	3.2	692	3.7	812	4.7	1250	5.8	0.001
Secondary +	74	5.3	62	1.7	52	1.9	117	5.7	0.278
Occupation
Farmer	1037	3.2	704	3.8	792	4.0	1327	6.3	< 0.001
Employed	68	3.4	61	3.4	53	8.8	49	2.1	0.767
Business	47	6.3	44	4.5	50	6.0	152	10.8	0.180
Total prevalence#	1152	3.2	809	3.6	895	4.1	1528	5.6	< 0.001

* 1997 survey included individuals aged 15–36 years only.

§ Only individuals who participated in the 1991 survey and available in the village in 1993 were registered.

# Age and sex- adjusted HIV-1 prevalence