Table 4.

Trends in risk behaviors by sex and survey among adults aged 25–44 years in rural Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania

Variables	Category	1991	1993	1997*	2005	p-value for trend test
		N = 629	N = 398	N = 384	N = 953
Sexually active (%)
	Men	99.6	99.4	98.7	98.5	0.920
	Women	100.0	100.0	99.1	98.4	0.710
Age at first sex-median in years a
	Men	18.0	18.0	17.0	18.0	0.987
	Women	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	1.000
Age at first marriage/cohabiting-median in years b
	Men	26.0	27.0	24.0	25.0	0.163
	Women	19.0	19.0	19.0	20.0	0.215
Polygamous marriage (%)
	Men	8.3	12.6	11.5	7.7	0.679
	Women	19.6	11.6	19.7	17.6	0.741
No. Partners past 4 weeks
	Men	13.8	6.1	14.4	11.2	0.514
	Women	2.2	3.5	2.0	3.3	0.610
No. of partners past year c
	Men: ≥ 2 partners	38.3	36.4	27.0	35.2	0.522
	Women: ≥ 2 partners	10.6	13.9	13.5	10.1	0.514
No. of partners past 5 years c
	Men: ≥ 2 Partners	78.0	69.0	45.4	44.2	< 0.001
	Women: ≥ 2 Partners	26.1	29.3	25.8	20.1	0.014
Ever/lifetime used condom (%)
	Men	32.7	48.3	39.0	50.3	0.002
	Women	26.7	21.9	20.5	28.4	0.069
Presently have GDS (%)
	Men	2.5	6.3	2.7	3.3	0.392
	Women	2.3	4.9	3.9	4.4	0.132
Presently have GUD (%)
	Men	1.3	0.6	0.0	2.1	0.227
	Women	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.1	0.349
Circumcision	Men	89.5	90.1	-	92.4	0.283

* 1997 survey included individuals aged 15–36 years only.

^a Median age at first sex from those who ever had sex.

^b For those who have ever married/cohabited.

^cAmong those who ever had sex.

GDS: Genital discharge syndrome, GUD: Genital ulcer disease