Ligation of both integrin and cytokine receptors are required for COS-7 cell survival in 3-D collagen. (A) COS-7 cell migration in 3-D collagen for 6 h in buffer (NT), buffer with insulin (25 μg/ml), EGF (100 ng/ml), or FBS (10%) together with function-blocking anti-integrin antibodies to the β1 subunit (25 μg/ml) or αvβ5 (25 μg/ml). Results are the mean ± SEM and are expressed as the percentage of cells migrating relative to cells not exposed to antibodies as described in Materials and Methods. (B) COS-7 cells cultured in 3-D collagen for 24 h in buffer (NT), buffer with insulin (25 μg/ml), or FBS (10%) together with function-blocking anti-integrin antibodies to β1 or αvβ5. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by morphological criteria as described in Materials and Methods. (C) COS-7 cells cultured in soft agar for 24 h in buffer (NT), buffer with insulin, EGF, or FBS as described above. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by morphological criteria as described in Materials and Methods. Results are the mean ± SEM of three cultures from three independent experiments.