The effect of rhBMP-2 on the expression of desmin and alkaline phosphatase by the mc13 cells. Desmin staining of freshly isolated mc13 clones (A) showed that all of these cells express desmin. The phase-contrast view (B) is shown to demonstrate that a high percentage of the cells were desmin positive. Mc13 cells were incubated in growth media containing 200 ng/ml rhBMP-2 for 6 d. Cells were then stained for desmin expression, and percent desmin positive cells calculated by visualization with immunofluorescence. As a control, mc13 cells were grown in parallel without addition of rhBMP-2. When grown without rhBMP-2, mc13 cells remained uniformly (90–100%) desmin positive (C). With exposure to rhBMP-2, there is a significant decrease (*P < 0.05) in relative number of desmin positive cells (30–40%) within 6 d (C). The npmc and mc13 cells were also analyzed for expression of alkaline phosphatase after 6 d of growth with and without exposure to 200 ng/ml rhBMP-2. With rhBMP-2 stimulation, mc13 cells show a >600-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase activity than nonstimulated cells (D). The npmc show only minimal alkaline phosphatase activity with or without rhBMP-2 (D). *, Indicates a significant difference using the t test (P < 0.05). Bar, 100 μm.