TABLE 3.
MULTIVARIATE MEAN DIFFERENCES IN FEV1, PERCENTAGE OF EMPHYSEMA, AND DIFFUSING CAPACITY PER 1 SD CHANGE IN FLOW-MEDIATED DILATION OF THE BRACHIAL ARTERY IN FORMER SMOKERS
| Former Smokers (n = 107)
|
Former Smokers without COPD (n = 63)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference in Lung Measure per 1 SD Change in FMD (95% CI) | P Value | Difference in Lung Measure per 1 SD Change in FMD (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Post-bronchodilator FEV1, ml | ||||
| Model 1* | 147 (31, 264) | 0.015 | 148 (55, 241) | 0.003 |
| Model 2† | 148 (34, 263) | 0.013 | 151 (57, 245) | 0.003 |
| Model 3‡ | 132 (16, 248) | 0.029 | 107 (7, 207) | 0.042 |
| CT percentage of emphysema | ||||
| Model 1* | −2.5 (−4.8, −0.1) | 0.041 | −2.3 (−5.3, 0.7) | 0.144 |
| Model 2† | −2.5 (−4.9, −0.1) | 0.046 | −2.4 (−5.3, 0.6) | 0.128 |
| Model 3‡ | −2.6 (−4.7, −0.5) | 0.018 | −3.5 (−6.1, −0.8) | 0.017 |
| DlCO, ml/min/mm Hg | ||||
| Model 1* | 0.708 (−0.088, 1.505) | 0.085 | 0.399 (−0.304, 1.103) | 0.271 |
| Model 2† | 0.712 (−0.087, 1.511) | 0.084 | 0.387 (−0.330, 1.104) | 0.295 |
| Model 3‡ | 0.708 (−0.088, 1.504) | 0.088 | 0.461 (−0.319, 1.240) | 0.254 |
Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CT = computed tomography; FMD = flow-mediated dilation.
*
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and height.
†
Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, height, and pack-years.
‡
Model 3 adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, height, pack-years, educational attainment, asthma, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and use of statins, aspirin, β-blockers, omega-3 supplements, and postmenopausal hormones.