Figure 7. ROS-induced mitochondrial alterations in C₂C₁₂ muscle cells.

(A) ROS production, measured by NBT reduction, in differentiated C₂C₁₂ myotubes incubated with glucose (25 mM) or palmitate (200 μM) in the presence or absence of NAC (10 mM) for 96 hours (n = 4). Data are expressed relative to the respective control (dotted line). (B) Effect of H₂O₂ (0.1 mM), glucose (25 mM), and palmitate (200 μM) on mtDNA levels in differentiated C₂C₁₂ myotubes. Myotubes were treated for 96 hours in the presence or absence of 10 mM NAC (n = 4). Data are expressed relative to the control condition (dotted line). (C) CS activity measured in total lysates of myotubes treated for 96 hours with H₂O₂ (0.1 mM), glucose (25 mM), or palmitate (200 μM) in the presence or absence of NAC (10 mM) (n = 4). (D) mRNA levels of POLG2, SSBP1, and PGC1α genes determined by quantitative RT-PCR in H₂O₂-, glucose-, or palmitate-treated myotubes in the presence or absence of NAC for 96 hours (n = 4). All results are expressed as fold change relative to the values of untreated cells set to 1 unit (dotted line). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. respective control; ^#P < 0.05 vs. without NAC.