Skip to main content
. 1999 Apr 27;96(9):4914–4917. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.9.4914

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Energy level diagram of carotenoids and chlorophylls as relevant to the xanthophyll cycle. The S1 energy level of both zeaxanthin (14,030 cm−1) and violaxanthin (14,470 cm−1) lies below the Qy transition of chlorophyll-a.