Table 1.

Pairwise sequence differences between the Neandertal, humans, and some apes

	Humans (n = 663)	Neandertal (n = 1)	Chimpanzees/ bonobos (n = 9)
Humans	10.9 ± 5.1	35.3 ± 2.3	93.4 ± 7.1
	(1–35)	(29–43)	(78–113)
Neandertal			94.1 ± 5.7
			(84–103)
Chimpanzees/			54.8 ± 24
bonobos			(1–81)

Shown are means ± SD and ranges (in parentheses) of pairwise sequence differences. The chimpanzee and bonobo DNA sequences used come from two P. troglodytes troglodytes, one P. troglodytes verus, four P. troglodytes spec., and two bonobos (Pan paniscus).