TABLE 4.

Adjusted differences in retinal arteriolar caliber (μm) between the highest and lowest quintiles of energy-adjusted intakes of total fiber, by sex, smoking status, diabetes status, hypertension, and physical activity¹

	Adjusted differences2	P for interaction3
Sex
Female (n = 5947)	0.68 (−0.68, 2.03)	0.744
Male (n = 4712)	1.37 (−0.03, 2.78)
Smoking status
Never or past (n = 8790)	1.22 (0.17, 2.28)	0.242
Current (n = 1864)	0.80 (−1.63, 3.22)
Diabetes status
No (n = 9096)	1.08 (0.05, 2.11)	0.678
Yes (n = 1515)	1.01 (−1.71, 3.72)
Hypertension
No (n = 6409)	1.59 (0.36, 2.83)	0.656
Yes (n = 4197)	0.48 (−1.04, 2.00)
Sports index
<2.5 (n = 4893)	1.69 (0.28, 3.10)	0.305
≥2.5 (n = 5720)	0.26 (−1.07, 1.59)

¹n = 10 659. 95% CIs in parentheses.

²Comparison of the highest with the lowest quintiles of energy-adjusted intakes after adjustment for central retinal venular equivalent, age, sex, race, center, BMI, smoking (smoking status, smoking years, age at which smoking started, and cigarettes smoked per day), alcohol intake, occupation, education, physical activity, diabetes status, hypertension, long-term systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipids (HDL, LDL, and triacylglycerol), and dietary factors from both food and supplements (total energy intake, glycemic index, carotenoids, folate, n–3 fatty acids, and vitamins B-6, B-12, C, and E).

³Likelihood ratio test for interaction (effect modification) by sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, or physical activity.