Figure 2.

The requirement for CD14 for TNF-α production from macrophages stimulated with B. malayi microfilarial extract or LPS. (A) J774.1 macrophages (black bars) or J7.DEF.3 mutant cells (gray bars, deficient in surface CD14) were stimulated with LPS or B. malayi microfilarial extract (Bm MF) for 24 h. (B) Suboptimal concentrations of LPS or B. malayi microfilarial extract (Bm MF) were cultured on J7.DEF.3 cells in the presence of sCD14 leading to a restoration of TNF-α responses. Concentration of filarial extract refers to the total protein concentration of the extract. Values represent the mean of three replicate wells (±SD). Results are representative of three similar experiments.