Figure 7.
CRT mediates nuclear export of GR in vivo. (A) Cytoplasmic injection of recombinant CRT is sufficient to stimulate nuclear export of GR. BHK cells expressing GR–GFP were injected with GST–CRT or GST (0.5 mg/ml each), and the distribution of GR–GFP was examined by fluorescence microscopy after a 45 min incubation at 37°C. Uninjected cells are indicated with arrows. (B) Immunoblot showing CRT and Crm1 expression in immortalized mouse embryo fibroblasts derived from WT cells (crt +/+), CRT knockout cells (crt −/−) (Mesaeli et al. 1999), and CRT-knockout cells transfected with full-length CRT (crt −/− [+CRT]). (C) Nuclear export of GR is impaired in the absence of CRT, and is restored by CRT expression. A plasmid encoding GR–GFP was transfected into the indicated cell lines, and nuclear accumulation of the reporter was induced with dexamethasone (+Dex). After agonist removal, the cells were examined at 3 h intervals to monitor nuclear export. Nuclear export of the GR–GFP reporter was observed in WT (crt +/+) and CRT-transfected (crt −/− [+CRT]) cells, but not in CRT-deficient (crt −/−) cells.