The number of NKT cells and cytokine production capacity are reduced in CD1d Tg mice. (a) Lymphocytes isolated from thymus, spleen, and liver of indicated mice were stained with FITC-anti-TCRβ and PE-anti-NK1.1 and analyzed by flow cytometry. The absolute number of NKT cells was calculated by percentage of NK1.1+ T cells x total number of cells. Circles represent number of NKT cells from indicated tissues, and the horizontal bar denotes the mean value. (b) Reduced cytokine production by NKT cells from Tg mice in response to α-GalCer. Lymphocytes from WT (n = 5) and Tg (n = 5) were cultured in the presence of α-GalCer for 48 h. IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in the supernatant were detected by ELISA. Lymphocytes from CD1dKO mice did not produce detectable amounts of cytokines upon α-GalCer stimulation. (c) The number of CD1d/α−GalCer tetramer+ cells is reduced in Tg mice. Lymphocytes from WT, Tg, and CD1dKO mice were stained with APC conjugated-CD1d/α-GalCer tetramers, FITC-anti-CD4, and PE-anti-CD8 and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results are representative of three experiments. (d) Compared with WT mice, the absolute number of CD1d/α-GalCer tetramer+ cells in thymus, spleen and liver of Tg mice are significantly diminished. Data shown represent mean ± SE of seven mice in each group.