Nucleolin controls HPV18 oncogene transcription. (A) Antisense inhibition of nucleolin expression. 444 cells were treated with phosphorothioate-modified antisense or sense oligonucleotides and then nuclear extracts were prepared. Detection of nucleolin by immunoblotting (top). Lane 1, mock control; lanes 2–4, antisense oligonucleotide: 1 μM, 5 μM, and 9 μM; lanes 5–7, sense oligonucleotide: 1 μM, 5 μM, and 9 μM. The same extracts were analyzed by immunoblotting with an Ab specific for Sp1, Cdk4, and PCNA (bottom). On the side of each immunoblot the positions of detected proteins are indicated by arrows. (B) Nucleolin controls HPV18 oncogene expression. RNA was isolated from aliquots of antisense- or sense-treated cells and analyzed by Northern blotting using an E6-E7 cDNA probe. Lane 1, untreated 444 cells; lanes 2–4, antisense oligonucleotide: 1 μM, 5 μM, and 9 μM; lanes 5–7, sense oligonucleotide: 1 μM, 5 μM, and 9 μM. The differentially spliced HPV18 mRNAs (reference 62) are indicated by arrows. The β actin control is shown at the bottom.