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. 2001 Feb 19;152(4):657–668. doi: 10.1083/jcb.152.4.657

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© 2001 The Rockefeller University Press

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).

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APG5⁻/− cells exhibit a block in the autophagic pathway. Wild-type ES cells (A) and APG5⁻/− cells (B–D) were cultured in Hanks' solution for 2 h, and then fixed and subjected to conventional electron microscopic analysis. The isolation membrane (arrow), autophagosomes or autophagosome-like structures (open arrowheads), and autolysosomes (closed arrowheads) are indicated. (C and D) Rarely detected autophagosome-like structures in APG5⁻/− cells. As often observed in wild-type cells, isolation membranes develop between cisternae of the ER (C and D). Bars, 1 μm. (E) Morphometric analysis of wild-type (+/+) and APG5⁻/− (−/−) ES cells before or after amino acid withdrawal. Ratio of total area of autophagosomes (open column) and autolysosomes (closed column) to the total cytoplasmic area is shown.