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. 2001 Feb 19;152(4):657–668. doi: 10.1083/jcb.152.4.657

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© 2001 The Rockefeller University Press

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).

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Model of subcellular localization of Apg12-Apg5 and LC3, and role of Apg12 conjugation in autophagosome formation. (A) Apg12-Apg5 conjugate localizes to the crescent-shaped autophagosome precursors. While these structures elongate and maturate into cup-shaped isolation membranes, LC3 is recruited to the membrane in the Apg5-dependent manner and Apg5 changes its localization to the outer side of the membrane. Apg5 plays an essential role in this membrane development. Immediately before or after the completion of autophagosome formation, Apg5 detaches from the membrane. Some LC3 also dissociate from the autophagosomal membrane thereafter. (B) Apg12 conjugation is not required for membrane targeting of Apg5, but it is essential for maturation of the isolation membrane into autophagosome and recruitment of LC3 to the membrane.