Phagocytosis of gram-positive bacteria by TMφ from MSR-A−/− and MSR-A+/+ mice. Macrophages were prepared, and phagocytosis was measured as described in Materials and Methods. (A) Phagocytosis of various fluorescently labeled gram-positive bacteria and of zymosan particles by TMφ from MSR-A−/− or MSR-A+/+ mice. (B) Phagocytosis of various fluorophore-labeled live gram-positive bacteria in serum-free buffer, with or without Ca2+, Mg2+, or LTA, by TMφ from MSR-A+/+ mice. (C) Phagocytosis of S. aureus (Cowan I) by TMφ from MSR-A+/+ mice in the absence or presence of various SR-AI/II ligands: polyguanylic acid (polyG, 0.5 mg/ml), polyinosinic acid (polyI, 0.5 mg/ml), fucoidan (0.5 mg/ml), LTA (1.0 mg/ml), or polycytidylic acid (polyC, 0.5 mg/ml) in the presence of an RNase inhibitor (10 U/ml). (D) Phagocytosis of various gram-positive bacteria and of zymosan particles by TMφ from MSR-A+/+ mice in the presence of the anti–SR-AI/II antibody 2F8, or an isotype-matched control antibody (EM-34.1). (E) Phagocytosis of S. aureus (Cowan I) by TMφ from MSR-A+/+ mice in the presence of various concentrations of 2F8 or LTA. All data represent the mean of six to eight experiments.