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. 2001 Feb 5;193(3):393–398. doi: 10.1084/jem.193.3.393

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© 2001 The Rockefeller University Press

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).

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(A) Concentration dependence of TNF-α response by human whole blood to S. aureus LTA. Data are mean ± SD of three donors, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/ml LTA, significantly different (P < 0.05) from 1 ng/ml LTA and control (paired Student's t test) (B) Comparison of TNF-α induction by intact LTA (solid line, •) and dealanylated LTA fractions (broken line, ○) after HIC. Dealanylation of LTA was achieved by increasing the pH of the water phase after butanol extraction under stirring at pH ≈ 8.5 with Tris buffer at RT (21°C) for 24 h. (C) Time course of alkaline hydrolysis of intact LTA, i.e., loss in d-alanine substitution and TNF-α induction capacity.