Ii −/− mice develop type 1 immune responses during infection with L. major. (A) Lymph node cells from the designated mice were collected 8 wk after infection with L. major, and incubated as described in the Materials and Methods, with or without soluble Leishmania antigens for 48 h. Supernatants were assayed for IFN-γ and IL-4 by ELISA. Points indicate quantities present in antigen-stimulated wells. All incubations in the absence of antigen resulted in cytokine recoveries <7 U/ml, except for one β2m −/− animal with an IFN-γ level of 19 U/ml, and the BALB/c with an IL-4 level of 100 U/ml. Data points represent means and standard deviations of triplicate determinations, and are representative of five separate experiments. (B) Total RNA from lymph node cells from infected Ii +/+ (+/+), −/− (−/−), or BALB/c (B/c) mice was reverse transcribed and subjected to PCR amplification in the presence of a competitor construct containing mutated cDNAs (upper bands) ∼75 bp larger than the authentic transcripts (lower bands). After standardizing the input cDNA for the amounts of the constitutively expressed HPRT gene product, the amounts of IFN-γ and IL-4 were determined using the requisite primers. These results are representative of three separate experiments.