Liver histologic response to anti-CD40 on day 21 in granuloma-deficient ICAM-1−/− and IFN-γ−/− mice. Mice were injected on day 12 after infection with 0.25 mg of rat IgG or anti-CD40. (A and B) In ICAM-1−/− mice, IgG had no effect on deficient granuloma formation (arrow) (A), while anti-CD40 induced a granulomatous reaction at parasitized foci (B). (C to E) Rat IgG-treated IFN-γ-deficient mice show no tissue inflammatory response at infected foci (arrows) (C), while anti-CD40-induced granulomas (D) remain heavily parasitized (arrow) (E). Panels A and B, magnification of ×290; panels C and D, magnification of ×184; panel E, magnification of ×460.