Table 2.
Indications for elective and emergency caesarean section (CS)
| Variable | All subjects delivered by CS, n (%) | Emergency CS, n (%)a | No painb subjects delivered by CS, n (%) | Recurrent painc subjects delivered by CS, n (%) | Continuous paind subjects delivered by CS, n (%) | Pearson’s chi-square test, P-value (no pain vs. recurrent pain + continuous pain) | Non-respondents | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | P-value | |||||||
| Number of subjects (%) | 86/464 (18.5) | 43/264 (16.3) | 35/168 (20.8) | 8/32 (25.0) | 0.152 | 43/175 (24.6) | 0.090 | |
| Elective CSe (Q1) | 44 (51.2) | 15 (34.9) | 23 (65.7) | 6 (75.0) | 0.003 | 21 (48.8) | 0.803 | |
| Emergency CSe (Q1) | 42 (48.8) | 28 (65.1) | 12 (34.3) | 2 (25.0) | 22 (51.2) | |||
| Indications for CSe | ||||||||
| Imminent or apparent fetal asphyxia | 16 (18.6) | 16 (100.0) | 11 (25.6) | 4 (11.4) | 1 (12.5) | 0.118 | ||
| Abnormal labour | 6 (7.0) | 6 (100.0) | 5 (11.6) | 1 (2.9) | – | |||
| Psychosocial reasons | 9 (10.5) | 2 (22.2)f | 3 (7.0) | 6 (17.1) | – | |||
| Breech or foot presentation | 18 (20.9) | 4 (22.2) | 10 (23.3) | 5 (14.3) | 3 (37.5) | |||
| Failed induction of labour | 9 (10.5) | 8 (88.9) | 2 (4.7) | 7 (20.0) | – | |||
| Back problems | 3 (3.5) | – | 1 (2.3) | 2 (5.7) | – | |||
| Previous surgery of the uterusg | 13 (15.1) | 1 (7.7)h | 4 (9.3) | 5 (14.3) | 4 (50.0) | |||
| Other indicationsh | 12 (14.0) | 5 (41.7) | 7 (16.3) | 5 (14.3) | – | |||
Test of difference between groups analysed with Pearson’s chi-square test; statistical testing of non-respondents versus respondents in the last column, LBPP low back pain and pelvic pain, Q1 first questionnaire
aThe denominator is the total number of subjects delivered by CS within each stratum
bNo pain denotes respondents reporting remission of LBPP after pregnancy
cRecurrent pain denotes respondents reporting recurrent LBPP after pregnancy
dContinuous pain denotes respondents reporting continuous LBPP after pregnancy
eThe denominator is the total number of subjects delivered by CS within each column
fElective CS was converted to emergency CS because of spontaneous labour
gPrevious surgery of the uterus is equal to two or more CSs, or myomectomy performed previously
hOther indications include pre-eclampsia, multiple births, cephalopelvic disproportion, prolapse of the umbilical cord, placenta praevia, imminent rupture of the uterus, previous proctocolectomy, ablatio of placenta