Table 4.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ‘recurrent pain’, ‘continuous pain’ and ‘recurrent + continuous pain’
| Variable | Recurrent paina | Continuous painb | Recurrent + continuous pain | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (n) | 95% CI | Crude OR (n) | 95% CI | Crude OR (n) | 95% CI | |
| Emergency CS | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Elective CS | 3.58 (78) | 1.40–9.15 | 5.60 (51) | 1.01–31.23 | 3.87 (86) | 1.58–9.46 |
| Adjusted for maternal age | ||||||
| Emergency CS | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Elective CS | 4.64 (78) | 1.64-13.11 | 4.80 (51) | 0.84-27.45 | 4.60 (86) | 1.73-12.16 |
| Adjusted for parity | ||||||
| Emergency CS | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Elective CS | 3.57 (78) | 1.34-9.47 | 5.11 (51) | 0.85-30.64 | 3.85 (86) | 1.49-9.91 |
| Adjusted for BMI | ||||||
| Emergency CS | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Elective CS | 3.09 (74) | 1.17–8.10 | 5.54 (50) | 0.97–31.43 | 3.40 (82) | 1.36–8.46 |
| Adjusted for EDAc | ||||||
| Emergency CS | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Elective CS | 3.70 (77) | 1.39–9.80 | 9.66 (50) | 1.05–88.40 | 4.15 (85) | 1.62–10.62 |
| Multivariate analysisd | ||||||
| Emergency CS | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Elective CS | 3.42 (74) | 1.12–10.40 | 5.32 (50) | 0.78–36.10 | 3.39 (82) | 1.19–9.62 |
| Multivariate analysise | ||||||
| Emergency CS | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Elective CS | 3.49 (73) | 1.11–10.96 | 17.70 (49) | 1.06–295.30 | 3.52 (81) | 1.20–10.29 |
Reference group: women included in the ‘no pain’ group and delivered by emergency caesarean section (CS), BMI body mass index, EDA epidural anaesthesia
aRecurrent pain denotes respondents reporting recurrent LBPP after pregnancy
bContinuous pain denotes respondents reporting continuous LBPP after pregnancy
cAdjusted for epidural or spinal anaesthesia
dAdjusted for maternal age, parity and BMI
eAdjusted for maternal age, parity, BMI and EDA/spinal anaesthesia