Table 1.
Geometric mean and selected percentiles of bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations [μg/L (95% CI)] in urine for the U.S. population ≥ 6 years of age.a
| Variable | Geometric mean | 10th percentile | 25th percentile | 50th percentile | 75th percentile | 90th percentile | 95th percentile | No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 2.6 (2.4–2.9) | 0.5 (< LOD–0.6) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 2.7 (2.4–3.0) | 5.4 (5.0–6.1) | 10.4 (9.4–12.0) | 15.9 (14.4–17.2) | 2,517 |
| 2.6 (2.4–2.8) | 0.9 (< LOD–1.0) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 2.5 (2.3–2.8) | 4.3 (3.9–4.7) | 7.7 (6.6–8.7) | 11.2 (9.8–12.4) | 2,514 | |
| 6–11 years | 3.6 (2.9–4.3) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | 3.7 (2.7–5.0) | 6.7 (6.0–8.3) | 12.6 (9.5–15.1) | 16.0 (11.3–19.0) | 314 |
| 4.3 (3.6–5.1) | 1.3 (1.2–1.7) | 2.7 (1.7–3.3) | 4.2 (3.6–5.2) | 7.1 (5.8–9.6) | 11.8 (9.8–14.8) | 15.7 (12.2–23.2) | 314 | |
| 12–19 years | 3.7 (3.3–4.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 1.9 (1.6–2.3) | 4.2 (3.6–4.6) | 7.5 (6.5–9.0) | 13.5 (11.8–15.2) | 16.5 (15.2–20.9) | 715 |
| 2.8 (2.5–3.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 2.7 (2.4–3.2) | 4.7 (4.2–5.1) | 7.8 (6.4–8.9) | 11.4 (8.1–14.2) | 713 | |
| 20–59 years | 2.6 (2.3–2.9) | 0.5 (< LOD–0.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 2.7 (2.4–3.0) | 5.2 (4.6–6.0) | 9.8 (8.1–12.1) | 15.5 (12.5–19.4) | 951 |
| 2.4 (2.2–2.6) | 0.9 (< LOD–1.0) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 2.4 (2.2–2.5) | 3.9 (3.5–4.3) | 6.6 (6.0–7.6) | 9.8 (8.5–11.2) | 950 | |
| ≥ 60 years | 1.9 (1.6–2.3) | < LOD | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.9 (1.6–2.1) | 4.1 (3.2–5.2) | 8.2 (6.0–11.0) | 13.3 (8.9–19.1) | 537 |
| 2.3 (1.9–2.6) | < LOD | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 2.2 (1.8–2.6) | 3.9 (3.2–4.9) | 6.9 (5.7–8.9) | 12.1 (8.5–14.0) | 537 | |
| Female | 2.4 (2.1–2.8) | < LOD | 1.2 (0.8–1.4) | 2.4 (2.2–2.8) | 5.0 (4.2–6.2) | 10.6 (8.6–12.5) | 15.7 (13.5–20.1) | 1,288 |
| 2.8 (2.5–3.1) | < LOD | 1.7 (1.5–1.8) | 2.7 (2.4–2.9) | 4.4 (3.8–5.2) | 7.9 (6.5–10.2) | 12.2 (9.3–18.1) | 1,286 | |
| Male | 2.9 (2.6–3.2) | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 3.2 (2.7–3.5) | 6.1 (5.4–6.6) | 10.4 (9.5–11.4) | 16.0 (12.7–17.2) | 1,229 |
| 2.4 (2.1–2.6) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 2.3 (2.1–2.7) | 4.2 (3.8–4.6) | 7.1 (6.4–8.3) | 9.9 (9.1–11.7) | 1,228 | |
| Mexican American | 2.6 (2.2–3.1) | 0.6 (0.4–0.7) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 2.6 (2.0–3.1) | 5.2 (4.4–6.5) | 9.8 (7.3–13.9) | 15.4 (10.2–19.7) | 613 |
| 2.3 (2.0–2.7) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 2.4 (2.0–2.7) | 3.9 (3.2–4.6) | 7.1 (5.0–9.0) | 10.7 (8.5–14.3) | 612 | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 4.2 (3.7–4.8) | 1.2 (0.9–1.3) | 2.3 (1.8–2.7) | 4.2 (3.7–5.1) | 8.1 (7.1–9.7) | 14.1 (11.7–16.9) | 20.5 (14.9–25.2) | 652 |
| 2.9 (2.6–3.3) | 0.9 (0.8–1.3) | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | 3.0 (2.5–3.3) | 4.9 (4.1–6.1) | 8.6 (7.5–9.6) | 11.8 (10.2–13.3) | 651 | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 2.5 (2.3–2.8) | 0.5 (< LOD–0.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | 2.7 (2.4–2.8) | 5.1 (4.7–5.8) | 9.5 (8.3–10.9) | 15.1 (12.6–16.7) | 1,092 |
| 2.6 (2.4–2.8) | 0.9 (< LOD–1.1) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 2.6 (2.3–2.8) | 4.3 (3.9–4.7) | 7.6 (6.3–8.9) | 11.0 (9.3–12.4) | 1,091 |
CI, confidence interval. Data are from NHANES 2003–2004. Blue lines denote measure in μg/g creatinine.
a
Persons not defined by these three race/ethnicity groups were included only in the total population estimate. LOD = 0.4 μg/L. The weighted frequency of detection was 92.6%.