Table 2.
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
Blood cadmium | |||||
Quartile 1 (≤ 1.78) | 2,508 | 0.00 (reference) | 0.00 (reference) | 0.00 (reference) | 0.00 (reference) |
Quartile 2 (1.78–3.56) | 3,394 | 0.21 (−0.63 to 1.06) | 0.72 (−0.11 to 1.57) | 0.60 (−0.10 to 1.31) | 1.00 (0.28 to 1.71) |
Quartile 3 (3.56–6.23) | 2,821 | 0.87 (−0.36 to 2.11) | 1.85 (0.52 to 3.19) | 0.92 (−0.07 to 1.91) | 2.01 (0.86 to 3.15) |
Quartile 4 (> 6.23) | 2,268 | −0.24 (−1.40 to 0.89) | 1.50 (−0.24 to 3.24) | −1.06 (−1.80 to −0.32) | 1.23 (0.10 to 2.35) |
p-Trend | 0.775 | 0.116 | 0.080 | 0.006 | |
90th–10th percentile | −0.15 (−1.18 to 0.88) | 1.36 (−0.28 to 3.00) | −0.63 (−1.31 to 0.05) | 1.68 (0.57 to 2.78) | |
Urine cadmiuma,b | |||||
Quartile 1 (≤ 1.51) | 852 | 0.00 (reference) | 0.00 (reference) | 0.00 (reference) | 0.00 (reference) |
Quartile 2 (1.51–2.93) | 895 | −0.92 (−2.35 to 0.51) | −0.89 (−2.47 to 0.69) | −0.70 (−1.65 to 0.23) | −0.26 (−1.28 to 0.75) |
Quartile 3 (2.93–5.51) | 881 | −1.01 (−3.25 to 1.23) | −0.55 (−3.03 to 1.93) | −0.63 (−1.78 to 0.51) | 0.26 (−0.94 to 1.48) |
Quartile 4 (> 5.51) | 868 | −2.90 (−5.32 to −0.48) | −2.05 (−5.11 to 0.99) | −2.01 (−3.68 to −0.33) | −0.45 (−2.34 to 1.44) |
p-Trend | 0.031 | 0.251 | 0.005 | 0.565 | |
90th–10th percentile | −2.92 (−5.47 to −0.37) | −1.78 (−4.76 to 1.19) | −2.10 (−3.49 to −0.73) | −0.44 (−1.94 to 1.05) |
Model 1 was adjusted for age (years modeled as restricted cubic spline with 5 knots), sex, race/ethnicity, education (< high school, high school, > high school). Model 2 was further adjusted for smoking status (never, former, current), cotinine (log10 nmol/L), alcohol intake (never, former, current), BMI (kg/m2), menopause status (yes, no), antihypertensive medication (yes, no), blood lead (log10 μmol/L)
All models for urine cadmium are adjusted for urine creatinine levels.
Subsample (n = 3,496).