Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: Allergy. 2007 May;62(5):532–538. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01345.x

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Codeine stimulation activates cytokine and chemokine production. (A) LAD2 cells were stimulated with codeine (1.0 μg/ml) for 3, 8, and 16 h and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES), and MIP-1α expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (n = 3). Data were normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA levels and is expressed as fold increase over unstimulated control. (B) LAD2 cells were stimulated with codeine (1.0 μg/ml) for 3, 8, and 16 h and IL-8, GM-CSF, MIP-1α, IL-6, TNF, inducible protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MIG, and RANTES production was measured by cytometric bead array (CBA) and ELISA (n = 3, P < 0.05). Cytokine production by unstimulated (vehicle control) cells at each time point was the same as spontaneous release at time zero (untreated).