Table 3.
CNS expression of chemokines and their receptors in MS
| Marker | Normal brain or inactive MS | Active MS |
|---|---|---|
| CCR1 | Negative | Macrophages/microglia |
| CCR2 | Negative | Occasional macrophages/microglia |
| CCR5 | Microglia, | Marked up-regulation |
| some neurons | (mononuclear cells) | |
| CXCR3 | Negative | Lymphocytes |
| MIP-1α | Negative | Macrophages/microglia |
| MCP-1 | Astrocytes | Up-regulated (astrocytes/blood vessels) |
| IP-10 | Astrocytes | Marked up-regulation (same cells) |
| Mig | Negative | Focal macrophages/microglia |
| IFN-γ | Negative | Lymphocytes |
| IL-18 | Negative | Focal macrophages/microglia |
Based upon assessment of serial sections of brain tissue from five patients with active disease vs. five patients with inactive disease and five normal brain samples; no significant inflammatory cell labeling was seen with mAbs to CCR3, CCR4, or CCR6; the chemokines eotaxin, eotaxin-2, ITAC, MCP-2, MCP-3, MIP-3α, or TARC; or the cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, or transforming growth factor-β.