Table 1.

Management and housing requirements of Finnish finishing pig units classified as LSO 2000 units. A single deviation of < 10% from a single measurement was allowed.

Variable	Requirement	Variable	Requirement
General		Pens
Number of pigs per compartmenta	≤ 400 (300)	Total pen area per pig	≥ 0.9 m2
Hospital pens for sick pigs	5 places per 100 pigs	Solid floor per pig	≥ 0.6 m2
Bedding provided	Yes	The slot width in the slatted floor	18–23 mm
Loading of the slaughter pigs	No electrical prod allowed	Fence between the pens	No electrical fence allowed
Contract with the local veterinarian	Yes
Adequate biosecurity measuresb	Yes	Air quality
Housing and management	Examination every 18 months	Airflow at the height of the pigs	≤ 0.2 meters per second
		Ammonia	≤ 10 ppm
Feeding		CO2	≤ 3000 ppm
Feeding only approved feedstuffsc	Yes	H2S	≤ 0.3 ppm
Trough space, no floor feeding	≥ 32 cm/pig	Humidity	50–80%
		Extra heat provided	Yes
Water		Effective environmental temp.d	12–22°C
Free access to water from a nipple	Yes, 1.0–1.5 litres/minute
Location of the water nipples	Manure area	Light
Water quality examined	Every three years	Light intensity	≥ 100 lux
		Use of lights	10–16 hours/day

^a Compartment is a room housing pigs. Several compartments can be situated on a compound, but in that case a maximum of 300 pigs per compartment is allowed.

^b Proper loading conditions of slaughter pigs and protective clothing and boots for visitors used.

^c Approved by the quality officer of the slaughterhouse: Diet based on Finnish grain (>70%), no antimicrobial feed additives, salmonella control and the use of substances causing bad taste (e.g. fish products), technical problems (e.g. some plant oils), ethical problems (e.g. blood), safety risks (e.g. waste food) denied or restricted.

^d Effective environmental temperature = Temperature measured + floor effect (-4°C concrete, -5.5°C steel, +0°C wood, +0.5°C plastic) + effect of bedding (+0 – +5°C) – airflow × 15.