Table 1.
Published Studies of Pedometer-Based Walking Interventions That Met Inclusion Criteria
| Study (Year) | No. of Participantsa (Study Design) | Population | Dropout No. (%) | Weight-Related Inclusion Criteria | Baseline BMI Mean ± SD (Range), kg/m2 | Intervention Duration | Behavioral Counseling | Goal Setting in Pedometer Intervention | Step-Count Logging and Reporting |
| Engel and Lindner18 (2006) | 22 (RCT) | Sedentary men and women with type 2 diabetes with a mean age of 60.5 years | 2 (8) | None | 32.7 ± 5.5 | 6 months | Intensive coaching program including 6 individual sessions and a monthly newsletter | Step-count walking goals chosen by the participant | Time spent walking and step counts were recorded in a glucose and exercise log |
| Wilson et al19 (2005) | 22 (Cohort) | African American breast cancer survivors with a mean age of 55 years | 2 (8) | None | 32.7 (25.2–47.2) | 8 weeks | Eight 75-minute small group weekly sessions based on Health Belief Model | Assigned progressive step goals | Walks were scheduled and steps were recorded on a scheduler/tracker form and reported to study staff weekly |
| Miyatake et al20 (2002) | 31 (Cohort) | Japanese men aged 32 to 59 years | Not reported | BMI >25 kg/m2 | 28.6 ± 2.2 | 1 year | Not reported | Increase daily baseline step count by 1,000 steps | Not reported |
| Schneider et al21 (2006) | 38 (Cohort) | Sedentary overweight or obese but otherwise healthy adults aged 30 to 60 years | 18 (32) | BMI >25 kg/m2 | 33.5 ± 5.0 | 36 weeks | Information sessions every other week for 2 months, then once a month | Gradually increase daily step count to 10,000 steps/day | Steps were recorded daily in an activity log |
| Tudor-Locke et al22 (2004) | 24 (RCT) | Overweight or obese, sedentary individuals with type 2 diabetes and a mean age of 52.7 years | 6 (20) | None | 34.1 ± 6.1 | 16 weeks | Counseling based on self-efficacy and social support; 4 weekly group meetings and a program manual | Individualized step-count goal setting based on exercises in the manual | Steps per day were recorded in a calendar log |
| Swartz et al23 (2003) | 18 (Cohort) | Overweight or obese women with family history of type 2 diabetes | 1 (5) | BMI >25 kg/m2 | 35.0 ± 5.1 | 8 weeks | Pedometer and step-count goal instructions only | Accumulate 10,000 steps/day | Steps and exercise were recorded in an activity log |
| Moreau et al24 (2001) | 15 (RCT) | Sedentary, postmenopausal women with stage 1 hypertension and a mean age of 54 years | Not reported | None | >25b | 24 weeks | Pedometer and step-count goal instructions only | Step-count goals gradually increased to a target of 3 km over baseline | Daily step counts were recorded on log sheets that were collected every 2 weeks |
| Hultquist et al25 (2005) | 31 (RCT) | Sedentary, healthy, nonsmoking women aged 33 to 55 years | 0 (0) | BMI <40 kg/m2 | 30 ± 6.4 | 4 weeks | Pedometer and step-count goal instructions only | 10,000 daily steps | Step counts were recorded on a pedometer with a 7-day memory and collected weekly |
| Chan et al26 (2004) | 106 (Cohort) | Sedentary workers with a mean age of 43 years | 71 (40) | None | 29.5 ± 5.9 | 12 weeks | Counseling based on self-efficacy and social support; 4 weekly group meetings | Individualized goal setting | Step-count goals and tracking were logged on a Web site |
BMI = body mass index; RCT = randomized controlled trial.
a Number represents only study completers and, for RCTs, only participants randomized to the pedometer intervention arm of the study.
b Calculation was based on other data in the report.