DNA binding, Fos-Jun interaction, and transactivation by NFAT5. (a) Identification of the optimal binding site for NFAT5. The boxed sequences summarize the results of aligning 45 NFAT5-selected and 21 NFAT1-selected PCR clones, obtained from four independent selections. At each position, the probability of occurrence of each of the four nucleotides is normalized to an overall value of 10, with the numbers rounded off to the nearest integer. Bases showing a greater than 60% probability of occurrence are indicated in bold. (b) NFAT5 does not bind cooperatively with Fos and Jun to the murine IL-2 promoter ARRE-2 element. DBD, DNA-binding domain. (c) NFAT5 does not bind cooperatively with Fos and Jun to the ARRE-2 element modified to contain a strong consensus AP-1 site. (d) NFAT5 lacks the ability to activate luciferase (LUC) expression driven by three copies of the ARRE-2 site, the human IL-2 promoter, or the human tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) promoter. PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; IONO, ionomycin.