Table 2.
Compliance with hand hygiene related to the use of the liquid (phase I) or the gel (phase II) handrub formulation
| Phase Ia | Phase IIa | P value | |
| Overall compliance | 32.1 (194/604) | 41.2 (228/553) | 0.035 |
| Health care worker category | |||
| Nurses | 33.6 (167/497) | 45.7 (190/416) | 0.011 |
| Physicians | 25.8 (16/62) | 28.6 (16/56) | 0.76 |
| Nursing assistants | 32.0 (8/25) | 30.8 (20/65) | 0.74 |
| Other | 15.0 (3/20) | 12.5 (2/16) | 0.84 |
| Time of day | |||
| Morning | 35.0 (106/303) | 46.7 (160/343) | 0.039 |
| Afternoon | 29.2 (88/301) | 32.4 (68/210) | 0.75 |
| Workload (number of opportunities per hour) | |||
| <10 | 40.5 (36/89) | 33.3 (38/114) | 0.29 |
| 10–15 | 39.0 (62/159) | 38.0 (89/234) | 0.86 |
| ≥16 | 27.0 (96/356) | 49.3 (101/205) | < 0.001 |
| Patient isolated | |||
| Yes | 32.0 (65/203) | 35.1 (53/151) | 0.9 |
| No | 32.2 (129/401) | 43.5 (175/402) | 0.017 |
| Availability of handrub | |||
| Yes | 46.9 (23/49) | 55.9 (19/34) | 0.53 |
| No | 30.8 (171/555) | 40.3 (209/519) | 0.035 |
| Availability of alcohol-based solution in the room | |||
| Yes | 32.3 (193/598) | 41.0 (224/547) | 0.05 |
| No | 16.7 (1/6) | 66.7 (4/6) | 0.068 |
| Type of opportunity | |||
| Respiratory care | 40 (16/40) | 31.9 (15/47) | 0.56 |
| Intravenous or arterial care | 24.2 (15/62) | 36.7 (22/60) | 0.17 |
| Direct patient contact | 31.7 (151/477) | 39.0 (146/374) | 0.13 |
| Digestive tract care | 0 (0/6) | 25 (3/12) | NA |
| Wound care | 55.6 (5/9) | 74.3 (26/35) | 0.24 |
| Clean device | 77.8 (7/9) | 77.8 (14/18) | 0.87 |
| Urinary care | 0 (0/1) | 28.6 (2/7) | NA |
aData not in parentheses are presented as percentages. NA, not applicable.