Table 2.
Time course of hemodynamic variables and plasma bicarbonate levels
| t0 | t2 | t4 | t6 | t8 | t10 | t12 | t14 | ||
| CI (liters per minute per square meter) | ADR | 1.9 ± 0.2b | 3.3 ± 0.6a | 3.2 ± 0.4a | 3.3 ± 0.6a | 3.2 ± 0.5a | 3.1 ± 0.5a | 3.3 ± 0.6a | 3.5 ± 0.5a |
| MIL | 2.0 ± 0.2b | 2.6 ± 0.2a | 3.0 ± 0.6a | 2.9 ± 0.4a | 3.1 ± 0.5a | 3.1 ± 0.5a | 3.5 ± 0.6a | 3.3 ± 0.5a | |
| CON | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.6a | 3.5 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.8a | 3.8 ± 0.8a | 3.8 ± 1.0a | |
| SvO2 (percentage) | ADR | 63.6 ± 5.7b | 74.1 ± 7.6a | 68.6 ± 6.2 | 69.9 ± 6.6 | 69.1 ± 6.7a | 69.1 ± 6.7 | 68.0 ± 4.9 | 67.2 ± 6.2 |
| MIL | 65.3 ± 8.5b | 68.7 ± 5.4 | 68.6 ± 9.9 | 65.4 ± 5.9b | 65.4 ± 5.9 | 68.8 ± 7.7a | 66.1 ± 6.6 | 65.7 ± 6.2 | |
| CON | 74.1 ± 5.5 | 73.5 ± 5.0 | 71.9 ± 4.5 | 71.9 ± 4.5 | 71.9 ± 4.5 | 71.2 ± 6.6 | 71.3 ± 5.3 | 71.5 ± 5.2 | |
| MAP (millimeters of mercury) | ADR | 79 ± 8 | 70 ± 7abc | 73 ± 9b | 76 ± 6 | 78 ± 7 | 80 ± 13 | 82 ± 10 | 82 ± 10 |
| MIL | 80 ± 13 | 83 ± 12 | 79 ± 11 | 79 ± 9 | 81 ± 7 | 79 ± 9 | 82 ± 10 | 77 ± 8 | |
| CON | 83 ± 8 | 80 ± 8 | 86 ± 10 | 82 ± 11 | 82 ± 8 | 82 ± 8.0 | 80 ± 8 | 79 ± 9 | |
| HR (beats per minute) | ADR | 97 ± 11 | 97 ± 8 | 97 ± 6 | 95 ± 10 | 95 ± 10 | 96 ± 10 | 96 ± 11 | 99 ± 10 |
| MIL | 92 ± 10 | 91 ± 12 | 90 ± 11 | 101 ± 14a | 101 ± 14a | 100 ± 11a | 102 ± 10a | 102 ± 9a | |
| CON | 95 ± 8 | 96 ± 5 | 96 ± 5 | 98 ± 6 | 97 ± 6 | 98 ± 7 | 99 ± 7a | 98 ± 6a | |
| PAP mean (millimeters of mercury) | ADR | 24 ± 6 | 26 ± 4 | 24 ± 4 | 24 ± 6 | 24 ± 6 | 23 ± 6 | 23 ± 6 | 20 ± 6 |
| MIL | 27 ± 5b | 26 ± 5 | 26 ± 6 | 26 ± 6.4 | 24 ± 5 | 25 ± 5 | 25 ± 4 | 23 ± 3 | |
| CON | 23 ± 4 | 25 ± 5 | 25 ± 5a | 23 ± 5 | 23 ± 5 | 21 ± 6 | 20 ± 7 | 21 ± 8 | |
| CVP (millimeters of mercury) | ADR | 14 ± 4 | 14 ± 4 | 13 ± 3 | 13 ± 4 | 13 ± 4 | 12 ± 5 | 12 ± 5 | 10 ± 4 |
| MIL | 16 ± 4b | 14 ± 3a | 14 ± 3 | 13 ± 4a | 12 ± 4a | 13 ± 5a | 13 ± 4a | 12 ± 4a | |
| CON | 12 ± 4 | 12 ± 4 | 12 ± 4 | 11 ± 4 | 14 ± 3 | 10 ± 4 | 10 ± 3 | 10 ± 4 | |
| HCO3- (millimoles per liter) | ADR | 22.6 ± 3.1 | 20.6 ± 3.7a | 20.6 ± 3.6a | 21.3 ± 2.9 | 22.6 ± 2.6 | 23.3 ± 2.2 | 23.7 ± 1.9 | 24.0 ± 1.7bc |
| MIL | 22.8 ± 2.4 | 22.4 ± 2.7 | 22.7 ± 4.4 | 22.1 ± 1.9 | 21.8 ± 2.0a | 22.4 ± 2.4 | 22.3 ± 2.3 | 22.4 ± 1.9 | |
| CON | 22.5 ± 1.1 | 22.3 ± 1.1 | 22.0 ± 1.0a | 22.1 ± 1.3 | 22.0 ± 1.2 | 22.3 ± 1.2 | 22.6 ± 1.3 | 22.5 ± 1.6 | |
The time course of hemodynamics and plasma bicarbonate levels (HCO3-) in patients who presented with myocardial dysfunction (cardiac index [CI] of less than 2.2 liters/minute per square meter despite optimization of mean arterial pressure and filling pressures) upon ICU admission and who were treated with adrenaline (ADR) or milrinone (MIL) and of control patients (CON) not needing inotropic after coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. aSignificant difference (p < 0.05) in comparison with baseline (t0); bsignificant difference (p < 0.05) in comparison with the control group; csignificant difference (p < 0.05) between the adrenaline and the milrinone group. CVP, central venous pressure; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; SvO2, mixed venous oxygen saturation.