Table 1.
Intervention | Disease | Surrogate | Clinical Outcome |
Growth hormone | Critical illness | ↑ nitrogen balance | ↑ mortality [13] |
Milrinone | CHF | ↑ exercise | ↑ mortality [14,15] |
Flecanide | Post-AMI | ↓ arrhythmias | ↑ mortality [16,17] |
Transfusion | ICU anemia | ↑ hematocrit | ↑ mortality [18] |
Inhaled nitric oxide | ARDS | ↑ oxygenation | No mortality benefit [19] |
Surfactant | ARDS | ↑ oxygenation | No mortality benefit [20] |
CHF = congestive heart failure; AMI = acute myocardial infarction; ICU = intensive care unit; ARDS = Acute respiratory distress syndrome