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. 1998 Oct 5;188(7):1255–1265. doi: 10.1084/jem.188.7.1255

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C/EBPβ binding to the HIV-1 LTR NRE in THP-1 macrophages. (A) Cells predominantly express C/EBPβ after LPS stimulation. Lane 1, Unstimulated THP-1 cells with wild-type NRE probe. Lane 2, Wild-type NRE binding is increased 10-fold after stimulation with PMA and LPS. Lane 3, Competition with 100-fold excess unlabeled wild-type NRE probe disrupts the NRE–protein complex. Lane 4, 100-fold excess unlabeled NRE mutated in the C/EBP site does not disrupt the NRE–protein complex. Lane 5, Antibody to C/EBPβ supershifts >95% of the NRE–protein complex. (B) THP-1 macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis (M. tb.) express C/EBP-specific and C/EBP-nonspecific NRE–protein complexes. Lane 1, Wild-type NRE probe only. Lane 2, Wild-type NRE binding in THP-1 macrophage extracts after M. tuberculosis infection produces a band similar to LPS stimulation (arrow) and another more rapidly migrating NRE–protein complex (double arrow). Lane 3, C/EBP mutant NRE probe only. Lane 4, C/EBP-mutated NRE probe produces a single complex with the same mobility as the rapidly migrating wild-type NRE–protein complex (double arrow) with extracts of M. tuberculosis–infected THP-1 macrophages.