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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Jul;2(Suppl 1):S13–S19. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04311206

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Eukaryotic cell barriers to the viral life cycle and types of subversion mechanism employed by the virus. Viruses require the use of the host cellular machinery to replicate their nucleic acid and produce viral proteins for the assembly of new virion. In addition, the virus, whether intracellular and extracellular, must escape the anti-viral defense mechanisms of the host’s immune system. For the virus to survive, it must evolve complex strategies to circumvent any cellular blocks to completing its life cycle and to evade the host immune system.