Figure 1.

Up-regulation of RAGE in hepatic remnants after massive (85%) hepatectomy: cellular localization and impact of ligand/RAGE blockade. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to partial (70%) or massive (85%) hepatectomy or sham surgery. Mice subjected to 85% resection were treated with murine sRAGE, 100 μg per day, or vehicle, PBS daily until death. (A) Kaplan-Meier Product Limit Estimate. The times of death were recorded for mice undergoing hepatectomy, and survival was plotted. (B) Quantitative PCR. Quantitative PCR was performed on liver remnants retrieved from mice undergoing sham, 70% or 85% liver resection, or 85% resection in the presence of sRAGE. After normalization to internal controls, levels of murine RAGE transcripts in sham-treated mice livers were arbitrarily defined as “1.” In this experiment, n = 5 mice per group. *, P < 0.05 versus 70% hepatectomy. **, P < 0.05 versus PBS treatment/85% hepatectomy. (C–F) Immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescence for detection of RAGE antigen was performed in sections prepared 8 h after sham surgery (C) or massive resection (D, 85%). In tissues prepared from remnants after massive resection, double immunofluorescence staining was performed with anti-RAGE IgG (green) and an anti-CD68 IgG (E, red), or with anti-RAGE IgG (green) and anti-CD11c IgG (F, red) as described before. Single and merged images are shown. (C, E, and F) Bars, 50 μm. (G) Kaplan-Meier Product Limit Estimate. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to massive hepatic resection and treated with the indicated F(ab′)2 fragments of rabbit anti-RAGE, anti-S100/calgranulin, antiamphoterin, or nonimmune IgG. The times of death were recorded for mice undergoing hepatectomy, and survival was plotted.