Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2005 Apr 4;201(7):1089–1099. doi: 10.1084/jem.20041896

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2005, The Rockefeller University Press

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 3. — Enhanced tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in VEGF-A transgenic mice. Immunofluorescence analysis with antibodies against CD31 (green) and LYVE-1 (red) of PMA-treated skin (A and B), early papillomas (C and D) and SCC (E and F) of wild-type (A,C,E) and VEGF-A transgenic mice (B,D,F) demonstrate highly increased vascularization of papillomas and SCC in both genotypes, as compared with PMA-treated skin. Tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were more prominent in VEGF-A transgenic mice (D and F) than in wild-type mice (C and E). Note enlargement of blood vessels (green) and lymphatic vessels (red) in VEGF-A transgenic mice. (G and H) Double-immunofluorescence analysis of SCC for the proliferation marker BrdU (green; arrowheads) and the lymphatic marker LYVE-1 (red) revealed numerous proliferating lymphatic endothelial cells in VEGF-A transgenic mice (H), as compared with only occasional proliferating lymphatic endothelial cells observed in wild-type mice (G). This indicates that VEGF-A promotes tumor lymphangiogenesis. Nuclei are labeled blue (Hoechst stain). Scale bars = 100 μm. (I–N) Computer- assisted morphometric analysis of normal cutaneous and of tumor-associated lymphatic and blood vessels. (I) Significant increase of the relative area occupied by blood vessels in the peritumoral area (Peri SCC) as well as within SCC (Intra SCC), in VEGF-A transgenic mice (filled bars), as compared with wild-type mice (open bars). (J) The average blood vessel size was increased significantly in the intratumoral and the peritumoral areas of SCC in VEGF-A transgenic mice, as compared with wild-types, whereas the blood vessel density only was increased in the intratumoral areas (K). (L) Significant increase of the relative area occupied by lymphatic vessels in VEGF-A transgenic mice throughout all stages of skin carcinogenesis. (M) Significantly increased lymphatic vessel size in the peritumoral area of SCC, but not in the intratumoral area of VEGF-A transgenic mice. (N) No significant differences were found in tumor-associated lymphatic vessel density between the two genotypes. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.