Table I.
Classification of Modulated Genes with Known Function in Env-induced Syncytia
| Time after fusion
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 h | 36 h | ||||||
| Accessionno. | Symbol | Gene function | − | + | − | + | |
| Cell cycle | |||||||
| W69443 | HMG14 | high-mobility group (nonhistone chromosomal) protein 14 | <1.5 | 1.54 ± 0.06 | 1.73 ± 0.11 | <1.5 | |
| AA1475 | GAPCENA | rab6 GTPase activating protein (GAP and centrosome associated) | >0.67 | >0.67 | 0.61 ± 0.01 | >0.67 | |
| W90163 | RAMP | RA-regulated nuclear matrix-associated protein | >0.67 | >0.67 | 0.45 ± 0.14 | >0.67 | |
| R10158 | LOC51185 | protein × 0001/member of the ATP-dependent serine protease (LON) family |
1.58 ± 0.08 | <1.5 | <1.5 | <1.5 | |
| H66120 | CENPE | centromere protein E (312 kD) | 3.07 ± 0.78 | 3.55 ± 0.43 | 7.39 ± 2.39 | 7.01 ± 0.27 | |
| DNA repair | |||||||
| W37869 | EZH1 | enhancer of zeste (Drosophila melanogaster) homologue 1 | 0.55 ± 0.10 | >0.67 | >0.67 | >0.67 | |
| Tumor suppressor/apoptosis | |||||||
| R19586 | PLP15 | proteolipid protein 1 (Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease) | 1.736 ± 60.26 | <1.5 | 2.42 ± 0.15 | 3.84 ± 1.57 | |
| R80461 | PDCD5 | programmed cell death 5 | <1.5 | <1.5 | 1.82 ± 0.13 | 2.53 ± 0.8 | |
| H28623 | CREG | cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes | >0.67 | >0.67 | 0.51 ± 0.23 | >0.67 | |
| N28014 | BRAP | BRCA1-associated protein | 0.54 ± 0.1 | >0.67 | >0.67 | >0.67 | |
| R77391 | RECK | reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs | 0.44 ± 0.04 | >0.67 | >0.67 | >0.67 | |
| Receptor/growth factor regulator |
|||||||
| AA088248 | FGFR1 | fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | 1.62 ± 0.03 | <1.5 | |
| W38478 | IGFBP7 | insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 | <1.5 | <1.5 | 1.6 ± 0.07 | <1.5 | |
| AA046598 | IGFBP1 | insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 | >0.67 | >0.67 | 0.63 ± 0.05 | >0.67 | |
| T39448 | ADRA2C | adrenergic α-2C receptor | 1.90 ± 0.31 | 1.77 ± 0.28 | 3.24 ± 0.56 | 3.95 ± 1.24 | |
| N30625 | CORT | cortistatin | >0.67 | >0.67 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | >0.67 | |
| AA151595 | IFNAR2 | interferon (α, β, and ζ) receptor 2 | 1.78 ± 0.28 | <1.5 | <1.5 | <1.5 | |
| Signaling | |||||||
| H77460 | LNK | lymphocyte adaptor protein | <1.5 | <1.5 | 2.46 ± 0.56 | <1.5 | |
| R14326 | HERC1 | hect domain and RCC1 (CHC1)-like domain (RLD) 1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | 2.78 ± 0.43 | 4.46 ± 1.82 | |
| H18190 | JAK1 | Janus kinase 1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | 1.79 ± 0.19 | 2.57 ± 0.86 | |
| AA037843 | NET-7 | transmembrane 4 superfamily member (tetraspan NET-7) | >0.67 | >0.67 | 0.52 ± 0.08 | >0.67 | |
| H56674 | CC1.3 | splicing factor, coactivator of activating protein-1, and estrogen receptors |
2.13 ± 0.3 | 2.08 ± 0.64 | 2.86 ± 0.15 | 3.23 ± 0.82 | |
| R17538 | PABPC4 | poly(A)-binding protein, cytoplasmic 4 (inducible form) | 1.88 ± 0.25 | 1.91 ± 0.19 | 2.08 ± 0.43 | 2.45 ± 0.78 | |
| R44875 | ARIP1 | atrophin-1 interacting protein 1 | 1.99 ± 0.33 | 2.34 ± 0.4 | 4.58 ± 1.19 | 4.99 ±0.56 | |
| AA044097 | ZFHX1B | zinc finger homeobox 1B/encoding Smad-interacting protein 1 | >0.67 | >0.67 | 0.48 ±0.16 | >0.67 | |
| H62028 | DYRK3 | dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 3 | >0.67 | >0.67 | 0.40 ± 0.35 | >0.67 | |
| N45598 | AKAP6 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6 | >0.67 | >0.67 | 0.60 ± 0.03 | >0.67 | |
| AA135745 | CAMK2G | calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II γ | 0.5 ± 0.1 | >0.67 | >0.67 | >0.67 | |
| Metabolism/protein degradation |
|||||||
| H47026 | MGAT3 | mannosyl (β-1,4-)-glycoprotein β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase | <1.5 | 2.32 ± 0.17 | 2.31 ± 0.43 | <1.5 | |
| H60458 | ACOX2 | acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2, branched chain | <1.5 | 1.62 ± 0.03 | 1.63 ± 0.07 | <1.5 | |
| T91335 | LUC7L | LUC7 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)-like | 1.72 ± 0.05 | <1.5 | 2.43 ± 0.31 | 2.67 ± 0.55 | |
| AA099341 | GBF1 | Golgi-specific brefeldin A resistance factor 1 | 0.54 ± 0.05 | >0.67 | >0.67 | >0.67 | |
| W17311 | SDHB | succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip) | 1.99 ± 0.4 | 2.48 ± 0.80 | 4.41 ± 0.67 | <1.5 | |
| AA115737 | SLC2A10 | solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 10 | 0.56 ± 0.13 | >0.67 | >0.67 | >0.67 | |
| N48749 | FACL3 | fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase, long-chain 3 | 0.61 ± 0.04 | >0.67 | >0.67 | >0.67 | |
| W95228 | CTSG | cathepsin G | <1.5 | <1.5 | 4.2 ± 1.57 | 5.06 ± 0.47 | |
| W19301 | GCSH | glycine cleavage system protein H (aminomethyl carrier) | 0.61 ± 0.04 | >0.67 | >0.67 | >0.67 | |
| W79562 | ATE1 | arginyltransferase 1 | 1.72 ± 0.33 | 2.08 ± 0.22 | 2.36 ± 0.21 | 2.79 ± 1.03 | |
| H98809 | PABPC1 | poly(A)-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 | >0.67 | >0.67 | 0.58 ± 0.04 | >0.67 | |
| R81846 | FTL | ferritin, light polypeptide | >0.67 | >0.67 | 0.60 ± 0.05 | >0.67 | |
The list contains genes of known function from syncytia obtained after 18 or 36 h of coculture, in the presence or absence of 10 μM cyclic pifithrin-α. Compared with single cells, only genes that showed an induction or inhibition of mRNA expression (by a factor of ≥1.5 or ≤0.67, respectively) were considered. Changes in mRNA expression were determined by microarrays as described in Materials and Methods.