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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Jan 25.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Nov;75(5):978–985.

Table 2.

Clinical features of patients with and without clinically significant blood culture isolates, Gram-negative non-typhoidal bacteremia, Gram-positive bacteremia and with S. Typhi bacteremia

Blood cultures judged clinically
 Community-acquired bacteremia
Variable* Negative or
not significant		 Significant† P Non-typhoidal
Gram-negative bacteria		 P‡ Gram-positive
bacteria		 P‡ S. Typhi† P§
N      4029      483    127     109     246
Age/years∥        20 (0–100)3981      22 (0–95)480   0.1     37 (0–95)127 < 0.0001     15 (0–90)108   0.4      20 (1–74)244   0.0001
No (%) < 15 years 1568/4029 (39) 172/483 (35)   0.2 33/127 (26)   0.07 52/109 (48)   0.03  87/246 (35)   0.002
No (%) male 2331/3995 (58) 265/483 (55)   0.1 60/127 (47)    – 66/109 (61)    – 138/246 (56)   0.1
No days ill∥            –       6 (1–180)357    –      4 (1–60)78 < 0.0001      4 (1–120)79 < 0.0001       7 (1–180)200   0.0001
Headache 2667/3843 (70) 306/461 (66)   0.2 79/119 (66)    – 56/101 (56)    – 170/240 (71)   0.02
Abdominal pain 1320/3812 (35) 202/460 (45) < 0.001 50/119 (42)   0.1 31/101 (31)   0.001 121/239 (51)   0.003
Diarrhea 1060/3801 (28) 171/463 (37) < 0.001 28/119 (24) < 0.001 27/103 (27) < 0.001 116/240 (48) < 0.001
Vomiting 1198/3810 (31) 118/343 (34)   0.01 29/119 (25)   0.6 23/101 (23)   0.4  66/242 (27)   0.8
Dyspnea  839/3769 (22) 107/463 (23)   0.7 39/120 (33) < 0.001 33/102 (33) < 0.001  34/240 (14) < 0.001
Diabetes mellitus  134/3746 (4)  48/452 (10) < 0.001 25/115 (22) < 0.001 12/101 (12)   0.02  11/235 (5) < 0.001
Chronic renal failure   54/3736 (1)  11/448 (3)   0.1  7/114 (6)   0.001   3/98 (3)   0.04   1/235 (0.4)   0.005
Systemic lupus   80/3688 (2)   5/440 (1)   0.2  4/111 (4)   0.004  1/196 (0.5)   0.1   0/232   0.01
Renal calculi   77/3752 (2)  11/451 (3)   0.6  6/112 (6)   0.002  4/100 (4)   0.01   1/238 (0.4)   0.01
Steroid use  106/3747 (3)  20/454 (4)   0.06 10/115 (9)   0.001  7/100 (7)   0.004   3/238 (1)   0.002
Smoker  539/3713 (15)  73/454 (16)   0.4 30/116 (26) < 0.001  17/97 (18)   0.07  25/240 (10)   0.001
Temperature/°C      38.7 (38.6–38.7)3831    39.0 (38.9–39.0)455 < 0.0001   38.9 (38.8–39.1)122   0.3   38.7 (38.4–38.9)102 < 0.0001    39.1 (39.0–39.2)230   0.0002
Pulse/minute     101.7 (101.1–102.3)3842   102.2 (100.4–104.1)457   0.6  103.7 (100.2–107.1)118   0.1   109.8 (104.5–115.0)103 < 0.0001    98.2 (96.3–100.2)235 < 0.0001
BP systolic mm Hg     104.9 (104.4–105.5)3304   104.1 (102.4–105.8)402   0.3  108.4 (104.0–112.9)104   0.004   105.7 (100.6–110.7)75   0.2   101.6 (100.0–103.1)223   0.003
BP diastolic mm Hg      67.2 (66.8–67.6)3294    66.1 (65.0–67.1)399   0.06   68.4 (65.5–70.6)103    –   66.0 (63.5–68.4)74    –    65.2 (64.0–66.4)222   0.07
Respiratory rate/min∥        25 (10–140)3403      25 (10–100)376   0.5     24 (10–100)108   0.6     28 (18–90)81   0.001      25 (18–90)186   0.006
Jaundiced  728/3695 (20)  91/439 (21)   0.6 34/116 (29)   0.001  24/93 (26)   0.02  33/229 (14)   0.002
Hepatomegaly  599/3684 (16)  80/442 (18)   0.3 28/115 (24)    –  15/95 (16)    –  37/231 (16)   0.1
Splenomegaly  190/3651 (5)  30/441 (7)   0.2 11/115 (10)    –   8/94 (9)    –  11/231 (5)   0.2
Rash  355/3642 (10)  37/436 (9)   0.4  6/115 (5)   0.6  21/94 (22) < 0.001   9/226 (4) < 0.001
Meningism  263/3646 (7)  21/440 (5)   0.06  8/114 (7)   0.01   9/97 (9)   0.002   4/228 (2)   0.006
Septic arthritis  139/3638 (4)  19/432 (4)   0.6  8/113 (7)   0.004   8/89 (9) < 0.001   3/229 (1)   0.003
Abscess   89/3597 (3)  20/431 (5)   0.009  7/113 (6) < 0.01  10/93 (11) < 0.001   3/224 (1)   0.001
White cell count 109/L∥            –    10.8 (1.2–61.8)333    –   12.7 (2.2–39.3)74 < 0.0001   13.0 (1.3–44.2)72 < 0.0001     9.2 (2.3–38.6)187   0.0001
Neutrophils%∥            –      69 (2–94)332    –     78 (2–94)73 < 0.0001     75 (10–93)72   0.004      67 (35–94)187   0.0001
Mortality  306/3489 (9)  46/420 (11)   0.1 24/103 (23) < 0.001  18/98 (18) < 0.001   3/218 (1) < 0.001

NOTE:

§

P value for ANOVA, Krusksall-Wallis, test or χ2 test—if P < 0.02

‡

P value for comparison with patients with S. Typhi bacteremia given (Sceffe test if ANOVA performed). Superscript numbers refer to the sample size for that category.

*

There were no significant differences (P > 0.02) for all comparisons for the following variables that are not shown in the table: nausea, vomiting, cough, sputum, dysuria, arthralgia, sore throat, alcohol excess, illicit IV drug use, level of consciousness, hematocrit and platelet count.

†

Comparison of those with non-typhoidal bacteremia and S.Typhi bacteremia suggested that S.Typhi patients were younger (P = 0.003), ill for longer (P < 0.0001), had a higher frequency of abdominal pain (P = 0.003) and diarrhea (P < 0.001), lower frequency of dyspnea (P < 0.001), diabetes (P < 0.001), chronic renal failure (P = 0.004), renal calculi (P = 0.003), steroid use (P = 0.001), smoking (P = 0.001), jaundice (P = 0.001), rash (P < 0.001), meningism (P = 0.002), septic arthritis (P = 0.001) and abscess(es) (P = 0.001), higher admission temperature (P = 0.003), lower admission pulse (P < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.001), peripheral white count (P < 0.001) and neutrophil percentage (P < 0.0001).

∥

Median (range)

Mean (95% CI).